Sukhothai literally means “Dawn of Happiness”. It has an area of 6,596 sq.kms. is about 427 kms. (267 miles) north of Bangkok, and was founded in the year 1238 A.D. Sukhothai was capital of Thailand for approximately 120 years. It is administratively divided into 9 Amphoes : Muang, Ban Dan Lan Hoi, Khiri Mat, Kong Krailat, Sawankhalok, Si Nakhon, Si Samrong, Si Satchanalai and Thung Saliam.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Sukhothai was the first kingdom of the Thais in this Peninsula. Two Princes -Pho Khun Pha Muang of Muang Rat and Pho Khun Bang Klang Thao of Muang Bangyang - combined their forces and fought the Khmers who commanded an extensive empire throughout this part of the world.

They drove the Khmers out of Sukhothai, a mojor frontier post of the Khmer Empire, and established it as their capital in 1238. Pho Khun Bang Klang Thao, urged by the people to be King, was enthroned with the royal title of Pho Khun Si Indrathit.

King Si Indrathit had two sons. Pho Khun Ban Muang and Pho KhunRamkhamhaeng. After his death, Pho Khun Ban Muang, succeeded him. His brother, Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng, ascended to throne in 1278 and reigned for forty years. He was Thailand’s first great King.

One of Thailand’s finest warriors, King Ramkhamhaeng made Sukhothai a powerful and extensive kingdom which included many parts of what are today neighboring countries. A number of ancient cities paid him tribute.

King Ramkhamhaeng opened direct political relations with China and made two trips to China - the first in 1282 to visit the Emperor Kublai Khan and the second in 1300 after Kublai Khan’s death.

From the second visit he brought back Chinese artisans who taught the Thais the art of pottery. Today the old “Sangkhalok Potteries” are eagerly sought by collectors.

A major achievement of King Ramkhamhaeng was the revision of various forms of Khmer alphabets into a system suitable for the writing of Thai words. The alphabet that he invented in 1283 was essentially the same as that in use today.

During his reign there was prosperity and happiness. There was water in the paddyfields and fish in the water. A stone inscription reads in part, “-This Muang Sukhothai is good. In the water there are fish, in the field there is rice. The ruler does not levy a tax on the people who travel along the road together, leading their oxen on the way to trade and riding their horses on the way to sell. Whoever wants to trade in elephants, so trades. Whoever wants to trade in horses, so trades.. Whoever wants to trade in silver and gold, so trades–”.

King Ramkharnhaeng also promoted religion and culture and, through his efforts, Buddhism made headway among the people. In­spirational faith gave birth to classic forms of Thai religious arts. Images of the Lord Buddha sculpture during the Sukhothat Era are cultural treasures which impart a feeling of peace and serenity.

A total of eight kings ruled Sukhothai. The gradual decline of Sukhothai occured during the reigns of the last two kings. The end of this first Thai Kingdom occurred in 1365 when it became a vassal state of Ayutthaya, a young and rising power to the south. Ayutthaya became the capital of Thailand before Bangkok.

ATTRACTIONS

In Amphoe Muang

Phra Mae Ya Shrine (ศาลพระแม่ย่า) This shrine is front of the City Hall and is highly respected by Sukhothai read houses an idol of Phra Mae Ya, a stone figure with face and long b dressed as an ancient Queen. The Idol is about 1 meter h:zr. supposed to have been built during King Ramkhamhaeng’s reign i-dedication to his late mother, Nang Suang.

The Sukhothai Historical Park (อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์สุโขทัย) The former greatness of Sukhothai has been preserved. Ruins of the royal palaces, Buddhist temples, the city gates, walls, moats, dams, ditches, ponds, canals and the water dyke control system which was the magical and spiritual centre of the kingdom are now preserved and restored by the Fine Arts Dapartment with the co - operation of UNESCO, not only with a view of fostering Thailand’s national identity but of safeguarding a fine example of mankind’s cultural heritage.

The park is open to the public everyday from 8.30-16.30 hrs. The admission fee is 20 baht. Places of interest are as follows:

Inside The Citywalls

The walls of The Old City (กำแพงเมืองเก่า) The citywalls are located in the centre of the historical park in Tambon Muang Kao and surrounded by earthen ramparts. The north and the south walls are each 2,000 meters long, whereas the east and the west walls are each 1,600 meters long. The walls contain four main gates: Sanluang on the north, Namo on the south, Kamphaenghak on the east, and Oar on the west. A stone incription mentions that King Ramkharnhaeng set up a bell at one of the gates. If his subjects needed help they would ring the bell.

Tourists Service Centre, (ศูนย์บริการนักท่องเที่ยว) situated near Wat Phra Phai Luang, the centre provides information and convenience for tourists. A model of the old city of Sukhothai with ruins of Wats and other buildings is also on exhibition there.

The Ramkharnhaeng National Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติรามคำแหง) The Ramkharnhaeng National Museum was built in I960 and opened on January 25,1964. The museum collection include gifts from the ex - abbot of Wat Ratchathani and art objects unearthed in Sukhothai and nearby provinces. It is open daily from 9.00 -16.00 hrs. except on Monday, Tuesdays and official holidays. Admision fee 10 Baht.

The Royal Palace and Wat Mahathat (เนินปราสาทและวัดมหาธาตุ) The royal palace lies in the centre of the town and covers an area of 160,000 square meters. This area is surrounded by a moat and contains two main compounds; the royal building and the sanctuary in the palace. In the royal compound exist the ruins of the royal building called Noen Phrasat, which might be Sala Phramat or Buddha Sala mentioned in a Sukhothai stone incription

Here, the famous stone incription of King Ramkharnhaeng was found by King Mongkut in the 19th century together with a piece of the stone throne called “Manangkhasila Asana” King Ramkharnhaeng set up the throne in the midst of a sugarpalm grove where, at his request, a monk preached on Buddhist Subbath days and the king conducted the affairs of state on other days. This throne was later installed in Bangkok’s Temple of the Emerald Buddha.

A sanctuary lies to the west behind the Royal Palace compound. It is Sukhothai’s largest Wat and a customary main chedi in lotus - bud shape, and a ruined viharn. At the base of the Chedi stand Buddhist disciples in adoration, and on the pedestal seated Buddha images. In front of this reliquary in large viharn formerly containing a remarkable

seated bronze buddha image of Sukhothai style, which was cast and installed by King Lithai of Sukhothai in 1362. At the end of the 18th century, the image was removed to the Viharn Luang of Wat Suthai in Bangkok by the order of the King Rama 1 and has since been named Phra Si Sakaya Muni. In front of the large viharn is another smaller viharn which was probably built during the Ayutthaya period. Its main Buddha image (8 m. high) was installed inside a separate building. In front of the southern image a piece of sculpture call “Khom Dam Din” (a Khamer who came by was of walking underground) was found, and is now kept in Phra Mae Ya Shrine (ศาลพระแม่ย่า) near the Sukhothai City Hall. On the South stands a pedestal of a large chedi built up in steps, the lowest platform is adorned with beautiful stucco figures of demons, elephants, lions with angels riding on their backs. Mural paintings adorn the crept to this chedi.

King Ramkhamhaeng Monument (พระบรมราชานุสาวรีย์พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช) Situated on the north of Wat Mahathat is the King Ramkhamhaeng Monument. The bronze statue of King Ramkhamhaeng sits on a throne named Phra Thaen Manangkhasila Asana with a base relief recording his life.

WatSiSawai (วัดศรีสวาย) Situated among magnificent secenery southwest of Wat Mahathat is Wat Si Sawai. Three prangs are surrounded by a laterite wall.

Inside the wall, the viharn in the west, built of laterite, is separate from the main prang which was constructed in Lop Buri or Hindu - style but the others also constructed beside the prangs, are Buddhist viharns. The Crown Prince (King Rama VI), found a trace of Hindu sculpture Sayomphu, the greatest Hindu God in this sanctuary. In his opinion this ruin was once a Hindu shrine, but was later converted into a Buddhist monastery.

Wat Traphang Ngoen (วัดตระพังเงิน) Situated to the west of Wat Mahathat is Wat Traphang Ngoen with its square pedestal, main sanctuary, and stucco standing Buddha mage in four niches. There is a viharn in front and, in the east of the pond, an island with an ubosot. This edifice has already crumbled and only its pedestal and laterite columns still remain. Many monuments and magnificent scenery are visible from this ocation.

Wat Ghana Songkhram (วัดชนะสงคราม) Situated to the north of Wat Mahathat is Wat Chana Songkhram. Its main sanctuary is round Singhalese - style chedi. In front of the chedi exists the base of a viharn and behind the former stands an ubosot. Bases of twelve small chedis are also visible. Near the Charot withi Thong Road is a strange chedi having three bases, one on top of the other.

Wat Sa Si (วัดสระศรี) Situated near Wat Chanasongkhram is Wat Sa Si. Around a Singhalese - style chedi is the main sanctuary on an island in the middle of Traphang Trakuan pond. A large viharn contains a stucco Buddha image. To the south stand nine chedis of different sizes.

San TaPhaDaeng or Deity Shrine (ศาลาตาผาแดง) Situated to the north of Wat Mahathat is San Ta Pha Daeng. This monument consists of only one laterite prang with a staircase in the front. Sandstone Hindu divines (of Lop Buri-style) were discovered here.

Wat Mai (วัดใหม่) Situated to the north of Wat Mahathat is Wat Mai. Wat Mai, having a brick viharn as the main sanctuary, is in Ayutthaya style. The columns of the viharn are made of laterite. A bronze image of the Buddha under a Naga, (Lop Buri - Style) was found here and is now preserved in the Ramkhamhaeng National Museum.

Wat Traphang Thong (วัดตระพังทอง) Situated to the east of Wat Mahathat is Wat Traphang Thong. The monasteryis located on an island in the middle of a large pond. A ruined laterite Singhalese - style chedi is on the island. In front of it, a new mondop contains the Lord Buddha’s Footprint slab that was created by King Lithai in 1390 on Samanakut or Phra Bat Yai Hill. This Footprint was removed to the new mondop some years ago. An annual fair to worship this sacred Lord Buddha’s Footprint takes place at the same time as the Loi Krathong Festival.

Outside The Citywalls

The sites in the North

Wat Phra Phai Luang (วัดพระพายหลวง) This temple lies about 500 meters north of San Luang Gate. This sanctuary, formerly a Khmer -Hindu shrine, but later converted in to a Buddhist monastery, is sur­rounded by a moat. It is second in importance to Wat Mahathat. Inside there are three prangs like Wat Si Sawai, but the southern and the central ones have crumbled, leaving only the northern one decorated with stucco figures. In front of these prangs are a viharn and a crumbled chedi ; the later has a pedestal decorated with stucco seated Buddha images. A mondop contains Buddha images in four postures; sitting, reclining.

standing and walking. They are now all in ruins. A Sivalinga (Phallic emblem of Siva) was unearthed in the compound of this sanctuary.

Ruin of Old Celadon Factor (Thuriang Kiln) (เตาทุเรียง) Thuriang Kiln is a site where Sukhothai celadons were made. Kilns exist in an area measuring 100 by 700 meters. Each kiln is divided into three sections; the fire area, the pottery baking oven, and the flue. The pottery found here is usually decorated by three different painted designs on their bottom: a disc, a fish and a flower. Forty - nine Kilns and small edifices are visible. To the north a pond has been dug into stone.

Wat Sangkhawat (วัดสังฆาวาส) This lies about 1,980 meters north of Wat Mahathat. The viharn enshrines a stucco image of Sukhothai style. Behind stands a Singhalese - style chedi. To the south, a brick ubosot base is surrounded by slate semas.

Wat Hin Tang (วัดหินตั้ง) This lies about 2,400 meters north of Wat Mahathat. The Singhalese-style brick chedi is supported by a laterite base and surrounded by a laterite wall. A Sukhothai inscription of Wat Hin Tang described Buddhist relics and religious rites.

Wat Khung Wai (วัดคุ้งหวาย) This lies about 300 meters away from Wat Hin Tang.

Wat Si Chum (วัดศรีชุม) This lies about 1,500 meters north of Wat Mahathat and was originally surrounded by a moat. A square mondop is the main sanctuary and contains a monumental stucco-over-brick Buddha image in the attitude Subduing Mara, Called ‘Phra Achana’. This Buddha measures 11.30 meters from knee to knee.

The mondop is 32 meters square and 15 meters high, and the walls are 3 meters thick. There is a passageway in the left inner wall itself which leads to the above crossbeam. On the ceiling of the passageway are more than fifty engraved slate slabs illustrating Jataka scenes.

The Sites in The West

Wat Saphan Hin (วัดสะพานหิน) This is situated on the hill 200 meters high. A pathway of slate slabs leads to the sanctuary yard.

WatAranyik (วัดอรัญญิก) Wat Arnyik is located near Wat Saphan Hin. In the Aranyik area dwelling places for monks (kuti), caves, and the bases of ubosot and viharn line the pathway to the sanctuary.

Wat Chang Rop (วัดช้างรอบ) This is situated in Aranyik area. A chedi is decorated with an elephant emerging from the base. A viharn base and laterite columns are in front of the Chedi.

Wat Chedi Ngam (วัดเจดีย์งาม) This is situated on the hill in Aranyik area. The main sanctuary is a round Singhalese-style chedi decorated with four niches. On the east are a viharn and four small stone edifices. On the north is a stone pond.

Wat Tham Hip (วัดถ้ำหีบ) This lies on the hill near Wat Chedi Ngam in the Aranyik area. A viharn and chedi base are still in existence.

Phra Ruang Dam (ทำนบพระร่วง) This earthenwork dam was formed to hold back water between Phra Bat Yai and Kiu Ai Ma Hills and restored by Thailand’s Irrigation Department. Water from the dam will be used as replacement whenever the water level in other reservoirs goes down. This dam is referred to in the Sukhothat inscription.

WatMangkon (วัดมังกร) A big viharn and a round Singhalese-style chedi are visible. Sangkhalok architectural decorations were found here.

Wat Phra Yun (TfavresHu) This lies some 2,500 meters west of Wat Mahathat. The viharn enshrines a standing Buddha image.

Ho Thewalai Kasetra Phiman (หอเทวาลัยเกษตรพิมาน) The pake of god in the field near Wat Pa Ma Muang is a square laterite triple-tiered pedestal. Its form resembles that of a mondop and was probably used to install Hindu images.

Wat Pa Ma Muang (วัดป่ามะม่วง) The sanctuary of the Mango Grove is an important one referred to in Sukhothai inscriptions. The base of the Singhalese-style chedi and the ubosot still exist.

Wat Tuk (วัดตึก) This lies about 110 meters from Ho Thewalai. A square window-less mondop is the main sanctuary; a viharn and chedis are in front.

The Sites in The South

Wat Ton Chan (วัดต้นจัน) This is situated outside the southern city wall 1,150 meters away from Wat Mahathat. A Brick Singhalese-style chedi enshrines Buddha images in niches. The brick viharn contains a handless stucco Buddha image. Fine votive tablets called Sanaechan are found here.

Wat Chetuphon (วัดเชตุพน) A mondop enshrines four buddha images in different postures: sitting, standing, walking and reclining. The outer walls of the mondop still retain a section in the form of slate pillar-balustraded window. There is an entrance to the mondop on the north. Just behind the mondop is a small sanctuary which contains a Budha image know locally as Phra Si Ariya (Matireya), the Lord Buddha of the Future.

Wat Si Phtehit Kirati Kanlayaram (วัดศรีพิจิตรกิรติกัลยาราม) Wat Si Phichit Kiti Kanlayaram with a round Singhalese-style chedi on a square pedestal and a viharn in front, is surrounded by moats. A broken stone inscription in Pali and Thai was found and might have been inscried between 1400-1404.

Wat Wihan Thong or Wat Thaksinaram (วัดวิหารทองหรือวัดทักษิณาราม) This is situated near Wat Asokaram. The main sancturay is the brick lotus-bud shape chedi.

Wat Asokaram or WatSalatdai (วัดอโศการามหรือวัดสลัดได) This large monuments is situated outside the southern city wall 1,400 meters away from Wat Mahathat. The bases of the main chedi, the viharn and the mondop are visible.

Wat Mumlangka (วัดมุมลังกา) This is situated near Wat Asokaram. The Singhalese-style brick chedi and ubosot still remain.

The Sites in The East

Wat Chang Lorn (วัดช้างล้อม) is located to the north of Chotwithithong Road with a bell-shaped chedi of Ceylonese influence standing as the center. The chedi is situated on a 3-tiered square base on which a platform decorated with a row of elephants seen by their front halves supporting the round chedi.

This type of elephant-decorated chedi is to be seen in many ancient towns of Sukhothai period, for example, Kamphaeng Phet and Si Satchanalai.

Wat Thraphang Thong Lang (วัดตระพังทองหลาง) A square mondop is the main sanctuary. In front of the mondop to the east, is the viharn and beyond the viharn stands an ubosot. The outer wall of the mondop is beautifully decorated by stucco figures in niches. The southern side portrays the Lord Buddha flanked by angels decending from Tavatimsa Heaven. On the west the Lord Buddha preached to his father and relatives. The northern side depicts the episode when the Lord Buddha returned to preach to his wife. These stucco figures, especially those on the south, are masterpieces of Sukhothai art.

Wat Chedi Sung (วัดเจดีย์สูง) This is situated near Wat Tra-phang Thong Lang. The upper part of the chedi is round. The base is constructed in three tiered stages. This interesting Sukhothai type of chedi is of Sivijaya and Singhalese style. In front of the chedi stands a small viharn.

Wat Hot Phayom (วัดฮอดพยอม) This is situated in the rice-field outside the eastern city wall 2,000 metres away from Wat Mahathat. The base of the viharn and the laterite pedestal are still visible.

Wat Ko Mai Daeng (วัดเกาะไม้แดง) This is situated in the rice-field near Wat Chedi-Sung. The main chedi is still in existence.

In Amphoe Khirimat

The Ramkhamhaeng National Park (Khao Luang, Sukhothai) (อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาหลวง,สุโขทัย) This exquisite national park, with nature and historical background combining, covers an area of 341 square kilometers, and is declared to be a national park on October 27, 1980.

High hills and steep cliffs, some of over 1,200 meters above sea-level, together with fascinating falls, different species of plants and wild lifes are some of the major attractions available in this park offer to nature-loving tourists or visitors. Furthermore, the archaeological and historical sites with ancient remains and relics make the park even more attractive especially for critics and theologians.

To reach the park by road is by taking Highway No. 101 to Km. 414 (20 kms. from Sukhothai) then take the left turn along the laterite road for another 16 kilometers to get to the park’s office. For accommodations, reservations for bungalows and tents can be made through the National Park Division, Forestry Department, by Tel. 5790529, 5794842

In Amphoe Sawankhalok

Sawankha Woranavok National Museum [พิพิธภัณฑ์แห่งชาติ ) 38 Kms. from Sukhothai with a 2 kms. left turn, the museum puts on exhibition sculptures of different periods. Also on exhibition are ceramic wares of Sukhothai period and ceramic wares from shipwreck in the Gulf of Thailand. Open daily except Mondays, Tuesdays, and national holidays, from 9-00-16.00 hrs. In Amphoe Si Satchanalai

SiSatchanalaiHistoricalPark (อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์ศรีสัชนาลัย) is located on the bank of Yom River at Tambon Muang Kao, Amphoe Si Satchanalai. The ancient town, formerly called “Muang Chailang,” was named “Si Satchanalai” during the reign of Phra Ruang Dynasty when new administrative center was established to replace Chaliang. Ruins of 134 monuments have been discovered within the parks, the main attractions are:

Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat (วัดพระศรีรัตนมหาธาตุ) also called Wat Phra Borommathat Muang Chaliang or Wat Phra Prang, is situated 3 kilometers to the south of the ancient Si Satchanalai’s wall. An immense laterite prang on a square base marks the center of the Wat. A steep staircase in front of the huge prang leads to a room where a reliquary is enshrined.

Wat Chang Lorn (วัดช้างล้อม) is an important monument within the old town of Si Satchanalai. A huge bell-shaped chedi supported by 39 elephants, with 4 of them at 4 cardinal points elaborately decorated, marks the center of the Wat. Above the chedi’s base, there are niches enshrining images of the Buddha subduing Mara.

Wat Chedi Chet Thaeo (วัดเจดัย์เจ็ดแถว) is on of the most beautiful temples in Sukhothai Province. Chedis of different artistic styles and influence were built within the area of this Wat. Mural paintings, seriously damages, are still to be seen in some chedis.

WatSuanKaeo Utthayan Yai (วัดสวนแก้วอุทยานใหญ่) is lo­cated near Wat chedi Chet Thaeo with only a dirt road in between. A large image hall lies within this Wat. The monastery is also called Wat Kao Hong or the 9-room temple.

Wat Nang Phaya (วัดนางพญา) is famous for its delicate stucco reliefs on the remains of the northwestern wall of the 7-room “vihara” or “image hall”. The pillars of this vihara are decorated with unglazed ceramic designs. The central laterite chedi is surrounded by lampposts and accessible by a set of narrow stairs.

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Wat Suan Kaeo Utthayan Noi (วัดสวนแก้วอุทยานน้อย) is the only one monastery within the old town of Si Satchanalai with a brick building in front. The ruins of this Wat consist of a whole laterite image hall with laterite roof.

Wat Khao Phanom Phloeng (วัดเขาพนมเพลิง) is a hilltop temple within the old town of Si Satchanalai. A laterite chedi in the center, a large vihara or image hall in front, and a small sanctuary behind all lie in ruins. Some laterite pillars and a damaged Buddha’s image constructed of laterite slabs and coated with mortar are still to be seen.

Wat Khao Suwan Khiri (วัดเขาสุวรรณคีรี) is also a hilltop temple situated 200 meters away from Phanom Phloeng Hill. A huge bell-shaped chedi on 5-tiered base marks the center of the Wat. Ruins of vihara and chedi and fragments of huge stucco ligures lie scattered on the ground. The similartity between some figures here and those at Wat Chang Lom in the old town of Sukhothai leads to the belief that it was King Ramkhamhaeng the Great of Sukhothai Kingdom who had this temple constructed.

Si Satchanalai Historical Park is open daily between 8.30-16.30 hrs. Admission is 20 baht. Travelling to the park is by taking Highway No.101 to Km. 64, turn left and crossing the bridge over the River Yom, then turn right for another 2 kms.

Celadon Kiln Site Study and Conservation Center (ศูนย์ศึกษาและอนุรักษ์เตาสังคโลก) is located at Ban Ko Noi, some 5 kilometers to the north of Si Satchanalai. More than 500 kilns have been excavated up to now. Numerous celadon wares in perfect condition as well as potsherds have been discovered. The kiln is oval in shape with a curved roof and is 7-8 meters wide.

The center consists of 2 buildings situated on the kiln site area with 2 kilns: Nos. 42 and 61. There are also exhibitions on artifacts and on the evolution of ancient ceramic wares. The center is open daily during 9.00-12.00 and 13.00-l6.00 hrs. Admission is 20 baht.

To get there, drive, for some 5 kilometers to the north of Si Satchanalai Historical Park to Ban Ko Noi where the remains of ancient kilns are seen scattered around. The center is also accessible by the provincial Highway No. 1201 from Amphoe Si Satchanalai, a distance of 7 kilometers with the buildings located on the left.

Si Satchanalai National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติศรีสัชนาลัย) originally called Pha Kha (a cogon field), the park covers a very vast stretch of cogon field with various natural attractions such as Namtok TatDuan (น้ำตกตาดเดือน), Namtok Tat Dao (น้ำตกตาดดาว), Namtok Sai Khao (น้ำตกทรายขาว), Tham Khang Khao (ถ้ำค้างคาว). It is situated 45 kms. from Amphoe Si Satchanalai on Highway No. 1201 to Ban Nong O, turn right to Ban Sarachit then take Ban Kaeng-Ban Pak Kayang-Ban Pa Kha route till reaching the park’s office. Accommoda­tions within the park available at National Parks Division, Royal Forestry Department, Tel. 579-0529, 579-4842.

Si Satchanalai Ordination Celebration งานประเพณีบวชพระที่อำเภอศรีสัชนาลัย) or “Buat Chang” is a local event held annually during April 7-8 at Ban Hat Sieo, Amphoe Si Satchanalai. It features a spectacular procession of ordination candidates in colourful costumes on the backs of some 20-30 decorated elephants.

Loi Krathong and Candle Festival, (งานลอยกระทง เผาเทียน เล่นไฟ) held annually on the fullmoon day of the 12th lunar month, the festival was revived in 1977 with an aim to resurrect the Loi Krathong Festival amid the atmosphere of ancient Sukothai dating back more than 700 years. The entertainments planned for the festival include krathong competition, Nang Nopphamat contest (a beauty contest in Thai cos­tumes), and a spectacular procession.

Zampang is situated on the right bank of Mae Nam Wang and lies 599 kilometers north of Bangkok at the junction of highways of Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai. with an area of 12,543 sq.kms.

It is administratively divided into 13 Amphoes: Muang, Chae Horn, Hang Chat, Ko Kha, Mae Mo. Mae Phrik, Mae Tha. Ngao, Soem Ngam, Sop Prap, Thoen, Wang Nua, and Muang Pan.

Lampang lays claim to two unique features: it is the sole Thai town still using colourful horse drawn carriages as a means of everday urban transport, and it claims to have the world’s only training school for baby elephants.

Both attractions account for the bulk of Lampang’s Thai and foreign visitors.

ATTRACTIONS

Wat Phra Kaeo DonTao (วัดพระแก้วดอนเต้า) On the right bank of Mae Nam Wang is an old building which consists of an impressive chedi on a rectangular base with a round spire topped with gilded bronze plaques. A Burmese - style chapel topped by tiered roofs stands against it. The chapel contains a Burmese style Buddha image with particularly interesting decorations. The chapel probable dates from the late 18th century. Beautiful colours and elaborate harmony make Wat Phra Kaeo Don Tao one of Thailand’s best examples of Burmese - style temples.

Wat Chedi Sao (วัดแจดีย์ซาว) (Temple of Twenty Chedis) is also on the right bank of Mae Nam Wang, north of town. The temple is attractively set in an open ricefield. The complex is impressive with its Burmese - style bell - like spires.

Wat Phrathat Lampang Lunag (วัดพระธาตุลำปางหลวง) Lies some 20 kilometers south of Lampang and is one of the North’s finest temples. The chedi towers above surrounding trees. To the left of the chedi is a viharn with a carved wood facade and double - level roofs. Harmonious proportions and exquisite interior decoration make Wat. Phrathat Lampang Luang one of the best examples of Northern - style religious architecture.

Wat Phrathat Chom Ping (วัดพระธาตุจอมปิง) Wat Phrathat Chom Ping is situated at Mu 5. Ban Chom Ping, Tambon Na Kaeo. Amphoe Ko Kha about 26 kms. south - west of Lampang provincial city. The unnatural happening of this temple is the shade of the pagoda reflexed on the floor of the convocation hall through the hole of its window, this similar event also happened at Wat Akkho Chat Khiri (วัดอักโขชัยคีรี), Amphoe Chae Horn in Lampang.

The Elephant Conservation Centre (ศูนย์อนุรักษ์ช้างไทย) is attached to the Veterinary Section of the Northern Timber Work Division of the Forestry Industry Organization and is the first centre in Thailand to train elephants for forest work.

The Centre is located in Ban Tung Kiewn, Amphoe Hang Chat, on Lampang-Chiang Mai Highway 32 kms. from Lampang. At the center, the elephants’s activites such as bathing, working, log pushing, etc. are held for show. In addition, the center has provided elephant riding tourist route.

Doi Khuntan National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติดอยขุนตาล) is located within Lampang and Lamphun, has an area of 225 square kilometers and an altitude of 1,272 meters. Access to the park is possible by taking Lampang - Lamphun highway and branching off at Km. 47 for 18 kms., but the easiest way is by train to Khuntan station. The Doi Khuntan area was first explored early this century when German engi­neers were excavating Thailand’s longest tunnel (some 1.3 kilometers) on the Bangkok - Chiang Mai railway line. The main trail climbs from Khuntan station to park headquarters and bungalows belonging to the State Railways, a missionary part and the Royal Forestry Department.

Camping sites are also available; campers must bring their own tents and the camping equipment.

Wat Sichum (วัดศรีชุม) This monastery is situated on Lampang - Ngao Highway just passing the main entrance of Lampang Teacher’s Training College and branching off at km. 601 on the left to this monastery. Its architecture is of Burmese arts having very sophisticated and beautiful wood carvings on the structure of the Vihara while gold gilded works are found on the walls, ceiling and big pillars in the Vihara, regarded as another exquisite graceful beauty of Burmese arts. Its is regrettable that the vihara’s upper part which was made of wood was mostly damaged by fire. Only the carved-wood arch at the entrance has been left.

Kiu Lom Dam and Reservior (เขื่อนกิ่วลมและอ่างเก็บน้ำ) It is located about 37 kms. from the township area on Lampang - Ngao Highway where a left turn is to be made at Km. 623-624 through another 14 kms. to the dam site. The dam is under the administration of the Royal Irrigation Department, open to the public everyday from 06.00-18.00 firs, but no accommodation provided. Another mean is from the private sector whose bungalows and pleasant rafts tour are available for visitors who wish to explore natural surrounding.

Chao Pho Pratu Pha Shrine (ศาลเจ้าพ่อประตูผา) This shrine is located 50 kms. from Lampang township area on the right hand side of Lampang - Ngao Highway. It is a big spirit shrine housing the statue of Chao Pho Pratu Pha (The spirit ruling the area of Pratu Pha) highly revered

Wat Phra Kaeo Don Tao by Lampang inhabitants. The shrine was constaicted in commemoration of a brave soldier who was the right hand man of a king of Lampang who was killed in a battle by the Burmese enemies at this Pratu Pha Pass.

Tham PhaThaiForest Park (วนอุทยานถ้ำผาไท) Lies at kilometer 665 on the Lampang - Ngao Road and hosts a big Buddha image and colourful stalagmites.

Chae Son National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติแจ้ซ้อน) covers areas in Amphoe Muang, Amphoe Chae Son. Amphoe Muang Phan. Travel along Lampang - Wag Nua Road, turn left at km. 58-59 and take another 17 kms. Attractive spots are Hot Water Well (บ่อน้ำร้อน), Namtok Chae Son (น้ำตกแจ้ซ้อน), and Namtok Mae Mon (น้ำตกแม่มอน). For de­tailed information, please contact the National Park Division, Royal Forest Department, Tel. 579-0529, 579-4842.

Doi Luang National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติดอยหลวง) covers areas of Lampang, Phayao and Chiang Rai. The main attraction in Lampang area is Namtok Wang Kaeo (น้ำตกวังแก้ว) one of the most beautiful waterfalls in Lampang. with water cascading down 110 tiers from a top of a mountain which can be seen up to four kilometers away. Hilltribe villages are located on top of the mountain. Namtok Wang Kaeo is located in Amphoe Wang Nua, 130 kms. from Lampang on Lampang -Chae Horn Road.

Salung Luang Procession and Lampang Songkran Festival (งานแห่สลุงหลวงและงานสงกรานต์) It is held during April 12-14 each year. There is a traditional procession, merit-making, paying respects to elders and traditional performances, etc.

Mae Hong Son, Thailand’s second northernmost proincial city, is sheltered by several high mountains and enjoys a cool climate almost all year round. In the past, the town was isolated from the outside world for lack of good transportation and communications. The province is bordered by Myanmar to the North and West, and a strong Burmese influence can be seen in the provincial capital’s temples and buildings.

Mae Hong Son is administratively divided into 6 Amphoes and 1 King Amphoe namely : Muang, Mae Sa Riang, Mae La Noi. Pai. Khun Yuam, Sop Moei and King Amphoe Pang Ma Pha. With an area of 12,681 square kilometers, Mae Hong Son can be reached from Chiang Mai either by Highway No. 108 via Mae Sa Riang, for the distance of 349 kms. or Highway No. 1095 via Pai which shortens the distance to some 274 kilometers.

ATTRACTIONS

In The City

Wat Phrathat Doi Kong Mu (วัดพระธาตุดอยกองมู) is a Bur­mese-style temple which dominates the provincial capital. Constructed by Phraya Singhanatracha, the first King of Mae Hong Son, the hilltop temple affords a wonderful view of the capital and surrounding moun­tains and valleys.

Wat Hua Wiang (วัดหัวเวียง) contains the image of Phra Chao Pha Ra La Kheng (พระเจ้าพาราละแข่ง) a replica of the one in Myanmar,

Wat Phra Non (วัดพระนอน) contains a huge Burmese-style reclining Buddha image some 12 meters long. The temple also houses ashes of Mae Hong Son kings. Two massive stone lions guard the temple staircase.

Wat Kam Ko (วัดถ่ำก่อ) Another name of this temple is Wat Dok Bun Nak which is shady and pleasant having ancient scriptures written in the ancient local dialect informing the history of Thai Yai people.

Wat Chong Klang and Wat Chong Kham (วัดจองกลางและวัดจองคำ) These two monasteries share the same compound. A part from the glass paintings depicting Buddhism and simply life style of the villagers which draw much attention from visitors, there are over 30 wood carving dolls taken from Myanmar during the past century.

Along Higway No. 108

Pha Bong Dam (เขื่อนผลิตไฟฟ้าพลังน้ำบ่อง) about 12 kilometers outside Mae Hong Son, has been constructed across the Mae Ra Mat River for generation electrical power.

Pha Bong Hot Spring (บ่อน้ำร้อนผาบ่อง) is located in Tambon Pha Bong about 11 kms. from township area.

Hu Hai Chai (น้ำฮูหายใจ) , located in Tambon Phabong, is a small pool in the cave from which the water flows out every 45 minutes and there is a breathing sound before the water flows. This is how the place derived its name, ‘Nam Hu Hai Chia’. A trip on foot from Ban Hua Nam Mae Sakut takes about 3-4 hours.

Ban Nam Phiang Din (บ้านน้ำเพียงดิน) is a destination in Tambon Pha Bong of 2-hour long motor boat trip or 1-day rafting along Pai River via Ban Huai Dua, a scenic route with marvellous terraced cataracts. Not too far beyond Ban Nam Phiang Din, within Myanmar territory, lies another frequented tourist destination know as “Pha Horn Nam” (ผาห่มน้ำ)

Long-Necked Karen (กะเหรี่ยงค่อยาว) (or Pa Dong tribe) is a hill - tribe living deep inside Myanmar boder with thailand’s Ban Nam Phiang Din. Women of this tribe wear brass rings on their necks and limbs. The number of the rings increases according to their ages. Their should blades are pressed lower and lower while their necks seem to be longer and longer

Wat To Phae (วัดต่อแพ) is located 7 kms. from Khun Yuam

Market having large beautiful Burmese style vihara. According to legend, it is said that raft assembling people used to gather up in this area prior to making a teak tree raft trip to the marketing places. They, then, combined their efforts to build the temple and called Wat To Phae.

WatMuaiTo (วัดต่อมวย) in Ban Khun Yuam houses a huge and beautiful northern-style pagoda.

Nam Tok Mae Surin National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติน้ำตกแม่สุรินทร์) has its area covering Amphoe Muang and Amphoe Khun Yuam. The main tourist spot ‘Nam Tok Mae Surin’ is located about 30 kms. from Amphoe Khun Yuam in Ban Mae Surin. This beautiful one tiered waterfall of 100 metre in height cascades down the cliff to the lower valley. For accommodation in the national park, contact the National Parks Division, Royal Forestry Department, Tel.. 579-0529, 579-4842 or address to Nam Tok Mae Surin National Park, P.O. Box 16, Amphoe Muang, Mae Hong Son 58000.

Wild - Sunflower Field Doi Mae U - Kho (ทุ่งดอกบัวตองดอยแม่อูคอ) covers the area of 1,000 rais of Wild-Sunflowers, all are in full bloom between the month of November and December which make the hills and surrounding areas look like being plated with gold.

Nom Tok Mae U-Kho (น้ำตกแม่อูคอ), situated at Doi Mae U-Kho, has been discovered in 1987. Just short distance before reaching Thung Bua Tong, the field of the Mexican Sunflowers, there is a branch road running for about 3 kms. to this waterfall. The one tiered waterfall, 30 meters high, flows down between the giant rocks. In the middle part of the flowing water, there is a wide rocky space where visitors can walk through to closely view the cascading water.

Nong Haeng Hot Spring (บ่อน้ำร้อนหนองแห้ง), 25 kms. from Amphoe Khun Yuam, turn left at KM. 174 for 1 km.

Mea La-up Lawa Village (หมู่บ้านละหว้าแม่ละอูบ) in Tambon Huai Horn, is situated in the area where three districts meet: Mae Chaem, Mae La Noi and Mae Sariang. The culture, architecture, costumes and character of the hilltribes here are different from other hilltribes in Thailand. The attraction of this village is its hilltop location with beautiful view. Visitors can easily visit the village for it is only about 32 kilometers from the district.

Huai Horn Karen Village (บ้านกะเหรี่ยงห้วยห้อม) is about 4 kilometers from Ban La-up. Its villagers adhere to their religion and have gentle and polite manners. As the hilltribe community development certer is established in the village, the villagers have been taught to make clothes from wool and how to grow fruits and other plants of temperate climate. Therefore, this village serves as a good model for other hill tribes.

Wat Kitti Wong (วัดกิติวงศ์) is another temple worth visiting. It

houses Lord Buddha relics brought from Chiang Mai. and manuscripts

discovered in Tham Phra Daeng recounting the history of relations

between Myanmar and the Lanna Kingdom.

Karen Village PhaMaLo (บ้านกะเหรี่ยงพะมะลอ) Located about

3 kms. from Mae Sa Riang market the villagers have a very interesting

way-of-life with handicrafts for visitors.

The Tribal Development & Assistance Centre-Doi Mae Ho

(ศูนย์พัฒนาและสงเคราะห์ชาวเขาดอยแม่เหาะ) at Km. 84 is administered by the Public Welfare Department. Most of the hilltribe people in this centre are of Karen ancestry. The scenic area is noted for beautiful wild-sunflower plantation.

Mae Sam Laep (แม่สามแลบ) is a village on Salawin River. Travel some 47 kilometers from Amphoe Mae Sariang via Highway No. 1194. It is a renowned attraction among visitors for the boat trip along the Salawin River. The village is situated within a deep valley facing Myanmar with white sandy beach on some parts of the bank. Visitors can put up their tents in the area of Salawin National Park Office, 30 minuites by boat from Mae Sam Laep to the north. Accommodation is also available in Sop Moei which can be reached by taking a 30 minute-boat-ride from Mae Sam Laep to the south.

Along Highway No. 1095

Tham Pla Forest Park (วนอุทยานถ้ำปลา) where numerous fish live peacefully in streams inside the cave, is located at Km. 17.

Namtok Pha Sua Forest Park (วนอุทยานผาเสื่อ) is located 17 Kms. from town, a laterite road branching off for about 10 kilometers to the park. The 6 level cataract is huge and picturesque. The best time to visit the falls is between early August and late September.

Meo Tribal village (หมู่บ้านแม้ว) is a peaceful tribal village, located about 35 kilometres further up the track to Namtok Pha Sua, near the Thai - Myanma border.

Tham Nam Lot Wildlife and Nature Education station (สถานีศึกษาธรรมชาติและสัตว์ป่าถ้ำน้ำลอด) is 77 kilometres from Mae Hong son town, a laterite road to the left runs a further 9 kilometres. It is a place where antiques and pre-historic remains were found. This huge cave is beautifully decorated with colourful stalagmites and stalactites.

Lisu Tribal Village at Pang Paek (ลีซอปางแปก) is an­other tribal village worth visiting, located some 30 kilometres before reaching Amphoe Pai.

Wat Nam Hu (วัดน้ำฮู) about 3 kilometers from Pai Market contains a sacred Chiang Saen Buddha image, 24 inches wide at the base and 30 inches high, the image’s topknot can be opened. Inside is holy water revered by local folk.

Namtok Mo Paeng (น้ำตกหม้อแปง) Located from Anphoe Pai about 9 kms., and can be reached conveniently by car. The surrounding area is shady and beautiful. Nearby is a peaceful Muser tribe village.

Muang Paeng Hot Spring (น้ำพุร้อนเมืองแปง) Located from Amphoe Pai about 35 kms., along highway no. 1095 and 1265. Water temperature is around 90 °C.

Huai Nam Dang National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติห้วยน้ำดัง) covers the areas in Amphoe Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai and Amphoe Pai, Mae Hong Son. It is located at Km. 66 on Highway 1095 and with a left turn for about 6 kms. If commands a breathtaking view of sea of mist, flower beds and Lisu tribal people.

Rafting Along Pai River

With its approximately lenght of 180 kms., 30 m. width and 7 m. depth, the Pai River is the biggest and longest river in Mae Hong Son. This challenges the adventure lovers to raft along this river. Three most suitable points are recommended. They are:

Source of the River to Amphoe Pai: Starting from Huai Chang Kaeo, 16 kms. from Amphoe Pai to Wiang Nua Bridge or Ban Chomphon near Amphoe Pai, taking about 6 hours.

From Amphoe Pai to Amphoe Muang: Starting from Ban Mo Paeng, 30 kms. from Amphoe Pai to Ban Pang Mu in Amphoe Muang. The distance of this route is about 70 kms. and takes at least 5 days of rafting, and due to much difference in water level at one point of the Pai River along this route, therefore, two rafts setting are required to change at this mentioned point. More information of rafting along this route can be obtained from official at Pai District Office.

From Amphoe Muang to Thai - Myanma Border: Stalling from Ban Huai Dua, Tambon Pha Bong, about 6 kms. from Amphoe Muang, to the border at Ban Nam Phiang Din. Normally this section of the Pai River is more enjoyable to cruise along by long - tailed motor boat which only takes 2-3 hours returned trip of trekking on elephant back instead of rafting since the nature and scenery both side is fascinating and beautiful.

Most suitable time to raft is between October and March, and 2 weeks prior contact for the raft is recommended. Contact for rafting, boat cruise, accommodation and trekking through Mae Hong Son Resort, Tel. (053) 611406, or Rim Nam Klang Doi Resort, Tel. (053) 612142 or travel agents in Mae Hong Son.

Poi Sang Long Precession (งานประเพณีปอยส่างลอง) This is the celebration of novice ordination which the Thai Yai tribe people hold to be a highly meritorous occasion. Offerings for monks are carried through the town in a gala procession. It is usually held during March and May before the Buddhist Rain Retreat period.

ChiangMai, 76l kms. by rail, approximately 700 kms. by roadnorth of Bangkok, with an area of 20,107.1 sq.kms., is Thailand’s second largest city and capital of the northern region.

Chiang Mai is administratively divided into 22 Amphoes (dis­tricts) : Muang, Chiang Dao, Chom Thong, Doi Saket, Doi Tao, Fang, Hang Dong, Hot, Mae Ai, Mae Chaem, Mae Rim, Mae Taeng, Omkoi, Phrao, Samoeng, San Kamphaeng, San Pa Tong, San Sai, Saraphi, Wiang Haeng, Chai Prakan and Mae Wang.

Climate: Cool Season: (late October to end of February), average temperature 21 °C and much cooler at night. The coolest months are December and January. Hot Season: (early March to end of May) Average temperature 29.9 °C The hottest month is April Rainy Season: (early June to end of October). Average temperature 25.5°C. The wettest month is September.

History: Chiang Mai is an old city with a proud history. It was founded by King Mengrai (Pho Khun Mengrai Maharat (พ่อขุนเม็งราย) who united several small tribes and called the new land Anachak Lanna Thai (อาณาจักรล้านนาไทย). In 1259 after his father’s death he ascended the throne at Yonok Nakhon (โยนกนคร) and built Chiang Rai as his capital in 1262. In 1291 he decided to build a new

city as the capital of Lanna Thai. He invited King Ramkhamhaeng (Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng Maharat (พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช) of Sukhothai Kingdom and King Ngam Muang ‘Pho Khun Ngam Muang (พ่อขุนงำเมือง) of Phayao Kingdom. hL« very dose friends, to help select a site for the new city. They decided on a fertile pbm between Doi Suthep Mountain and the bank of the Ping River (แม่น้ำปิง).

The new city was completed, surrounded by a moat and wall, in 1296. It was named Nopphaburi Si Nakhonping *Chiang Mai*

Chiang Mai was the capital of Lanna Thai for along time. It attacked frequently and finally came under the control then Burma. In 1774 King Taksin (พระเจ้าตากสิน) of Thailand recovered it from the Burmese. Since then Chiang Mai has been a province of Thailand.

Culture: Perhaps the most important asset Chiang Mai can claim is its people. Their beauty, hospitality and good manners are legendary throughout Thailand. In the past, Chaing Mai has been a city of economic, religious and political importance. Present-day culture has very deep roots. Chiang Mai has its own dialect and its own cuisine. These have given it a sense of cultural security.

Festival‘ Chiang Mai celebrates many annual festivals. Three are particularly lively and lovely. These are the “Flower Carnival”, the first Friday, Saturday and Sunday of every February: “Songkran”, 13-15 April each year; and “Yi Peng” on the full moon day of the twelfth lunar month, generally mid-November.

The Flower Carnival celebrates the period when Chiang Mai’s temperate and tropical flowers are in full bloom and is characterised by colourful floral floats and parades.

Songkran celebrates the traditional Thai New Year. Chaing Mai celebrates Songkran with special elation in a 3-day carousal of religious merit-making, pilgrimages, beauty parades, dancing and uninhibited, good-natured water throwing.

Yi Peng is Thailand’s loveliest festival when, under the full moon, people float away onto rivers, canals, lakes and streams banana-leaf boats bearing a lighted candle. incense, a flower and small coin to honour water spirits and float away the past year’s sins.

ATTRACTIONS

In the City

Wat Suan Dok (วัดสวนดอก) has the North’s largest chapel royal. The principal Buddha statue is a huge cast mage named Phra Chao Kao Tu.

Wat Phra Sing (วัดพระสิงห์) has the most complete version of Lanna chapel and is home to Phra Buddha Sihing, considered Chiang Mai’s important and sacred Buddha mage.

Wat Chiang Man (วัดเชียงมั่น) is situated in town. It was the first temple built in Chiang Mai around 1300 A.D. Formerly it was the residence of King Mengrai, the founder of Chiang Mai. There are two famous Buddha images in this temple.

Wat Chedi Luang (วัดเจดีย์หลวง) is situated in town. It was built in 1411 A.D. The big Chedi was damaged by an earthquake in 1545 A:D. and has never been restored.

Inthakhin or City Pillar (เสาอินทขิล…..ศาลหลักเมือง) is situated in Wat Chedi Luang.

Wat Ku Tao (วัดกู่เต้า) is situated in town. The Chedi was built in 1613 A.D. in the shape of five guards of diminishing sizes and beautifully decorated with colored porcelain, representing five lord Buddhas.

Wiang Kum Kara (เวียงกุมกาม) is and ancient town founded by King Mengrai. The main historical remains are: Wat Chedi Liam (วัดเจดีย์เหลี่ยม) ,Wat Chang Kham (วัดช้าค้ำ), and chedi’s bases at Wat Kum Kant-Wat Noi วัดกุมกาม-วัดน้อยน้อย), etc. Wiang Kum Kam is located on Chian Mai - Lamphum Raod, 3-4 kms. from town in the area of Amphoe Saraphi.

Doi Suthep route (Road no. 1004)

Wat Chet Yot (วัดเจ็ดยอด) is situated in town. The temple was built in 1477 A.D. The 8th World Sangkayana (Doctrines revision) was held in this temple at that time.

Chiang Mai National Museum (พิพธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติเชียงใหม่) situated near Wat Chet Yot contains ancient Buddhist statues and weapons.

Tribal Research Center (ศูนย์วิจัยชาวเขา) is in Chiang Mai University, 5 kms. from town. The Tribal Research Center gathers infor­mation and studies Thailand’s tribal races.

Huai Kaeo Arboretum (สวนรุกขชาติห้วยแก้ว) is near Chiang Mai University, 6 kms. from town, The attractively landscaped garden contain many kinds of trees and flowers.

Chiang Mai Zoo (สวนสัตว์เชียงใหม่) is near Huai Kaeo Arbore­tum, 6 kms. from town.

Doi Suthep - Pui National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติดอยสุเทพ-ปุย) is in the area of Amphoe Mae Rim, Amphoe Hang Dong and Amphoe Muang, covering 262.5 square kilometres. The office of the park is on Doi Suthep route near Wat Phra That Doi Suthep. The attractions in the area of the park are:

Nanttok Huai Kaeo (น้ำตกห้วยแก้ว) is a waterfall near Chiang Mai Zoo, 6 kms. from town. It’s delightful atmosphere makes it the ideal place for picnics.

Khruba Siwichai Monument (อนุสาวรีย์ครูบาศรีวิชัย) is situ­ated near Namtok Huai Kaeo. The monument was built to commemorate Khruba Sivichai who initiated a plan to construct a hillside road to the monastery on Doi Suthep

Wat Phra Borommathat Doi Suthep (วัดพระบรมธาตุดอยสุเทพ) is on Doi Suthep is a large golden pagoda in the center of the temple containing a part of the holy relics of the Lord Buddha. It is a holy spot visited throughout the year by Buddhist pilgrims from all over the world. This temple was built by King Gue-Na (พระเจ้ากือนา) in 1383 A.D.

Phu Phing Palace (พระตำหนักภูพิงค์ราชนิเวศน์) is on Doi Buak Ha (ดอยบวกห้า), about 4 kms. from Doi Suthep. Phu Phing Palace is the winter Palace and open to the public on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays as well as holidays, when the Thai Royal Family is not in residence.

Hmong Tribal Village-DoiPui (หมู่บ้านชาวเขาเผ่าม้ง,ดอยปุย) is located about half an hour drive from Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep.

Western Route (Highway No. 108 and No. 1009)

Silverware Factory (โรงงานทำเครื่องเงิน) is on Wua Lai Road,

renowned for silver products such as ; cigarette cases, spoons and forks, trays, etc. There are other factories of the same kind on Chang Khlan and Chiang Mai - San Kampheang Raod.

Old Chiang Mai Cultural Center (ศูนย์วัฒนธรรมเชียงใหม่) is on Chiang Mai - Hang Dong Road. Proceeding along the Wua Lai Rd. (ถนนวัวลาย), the cultural Center is on the left, next to Chiang Mai Gate

(ประตูเชียงใหม่)

Old Chiang Mai Cultural Center gathers the Lanna Thai arts and culture. Within its area, a hilltribe village and a Thai-styled house have been erected. Souvenir shops are available. Two attractive events held regularly in the late evening are the Northern style supper called “Khan Tok” and folk dancing performances.

Sang Ka Lok Ceramics Factory (โรงงานเคลือบดินเผาสังคโลก) is located one kilometer from Chiang Mai Cultural Center. It is renowned for the special kind of green ceramic products. The works are designed into many styles such as lamps, vases, plates, ash trays, etc. Similar product are also available in the factories along Chiang - Mai San Kamphaeng Road

Lacquerware Factory (โรงงานทำเครื่องเขิน) is located at km. 7 on Chiang Mai - Hang Dong Road. Most of its products are light containers such as cups, bowls, cigarette-cases, trays, vases, etc. Factories of the same type can be found along Nantharam Road, Chiang Mai - San Kamphaeng Road and Chang Khlan Road.

Muang Kung Earthenware Village (หมู่บ้านเคลือบปั้นดินเผาเหมืองกุง) included in TAT’s Handicraft Village Project, is located on Chiang Mai - Hot Road 10 Kms. from town. Various ceramic products such as cooking pots, water-containing pots, vases, etc. are made. An

exhibition room and a tourist information center are available.

Ban Thawai (บ้านถวาย) is 15 kms. from town on Chiang Mai -Hot Road. This village is renowned for the imitative skills of ancient wood products. Carved - wood pieces are produced for retail and wholesale by factories here.

WiangTha Kan (เวียงท่ากาน) located in BanTha Kan, Amphoe San Pa Tong, 30 kms. from town to the south, is an ancient town of the Hariphunchai Period. The main historical remains left in the Tha Kan School area and the temple’s compound are a chedi and a vihara’s base. Both of them are made of brick and laterite. The ancient relics found are votive tablets, sandstone Buddhist images and baked clay Buddhist images. In addition, there are the remains of the Buddhist monastery and stupas as well as scattered remnants of brick and earthen tile.

Wat Phra Bor ommathat Si Chom Thong Worawihan (วัดพระบรมธาตุศรีจอมทองวรวิหาร) is on Chiang Mai - Hot Rd., 58 kms. from town. The temple was built in 1451, A.D. The Viharn houses a holy relic of the Lord Buddha.

Doilnthanon National Park (ดอยอินทนนท์) Doi Inthanon is one of Thailand’s most famous National Parks and one of the best equipped to welcome visitors. It is situated in the area of three Amphoes: Chom Thong, San Pa Tong and Mae Chaem, and covers some 1,005 square kilometers. It offers marvellous natural scenery. Shooting, fishing and causing damage to trees and plants are strictly forbidden.

To get to Doi Inthanon take Highway No. 108 (Chiang Mai - Hot) and turn to Highway No. 1009 at Km. 57 up to the top of Doi Inthanon for a distance of 48 kms. Attractions within the park include:

Namtok Mae Ya (น้ำตกแม่ยะ) is 12 kms. from Chom Thong Market. Access to the falls is best made through local minibus. Namtok Mae Ya is one of the large and beautiful waterfalls in Chiang Mai.

Namtok Mae Klang (น้ำตกแม่กลาง) is at Km. 8 on Highway No. 1009 ■ Namtok Mae Klang is a big cascade with a scenic spot for picnics.

Tham Borichinda (ถ่ำบริจินดา) is a cave situated 10-minute drive from Namtok Mae Klang, branch off at Km. 8.5 on Highway No.1009- The cave is not dark. The area is ideal for picnics.

Tourist Service Centre (ศูนย์บริการนักท่องเที่ยว) is located at Km.9 of this route.

Namtok Wachirathan (น้ำตกวชิรธาร) is on the route to Doi Inthanon, a 30 minutes drive from Namtok Mae Klang. Namtok Vachiratan is a beautiful scenic spot for picnics.

Namtok Siriphum (น้ำตกสิริภูมิ) is on the same route, an hour’s drive from Namtok Mae Klang.

The National Park’s Office (ที่ทำการอุทยาน) is located at Km.31- Accommodations are available here. Reservation can be made through the National Park Division, Royal Forestry Department, Tel. 579-0529,579-4842.

Doi Inthanon Royal Project (โครงการหลวงดอยอินทนนท์) is located on the right at Km.31, one kilometre away from the main road. Main crops are cold climate flowers. Tourists can view flower nurseries and cultivation.

Phra MahathatNopphaMethanidon and Phra Mahathat Nopphon Phumisiri (พระมหาธาตุนภเมทนีดลและพระมหาธาตุนภพลภูมิสิริ) are on the left at Km.4l.5- These two Chedis were built to commemorate the.fifth cycle anniversaries of His Majesty the King and Her Majesty the Queen in 1987 and 1992 respectively.

Yot Doi Inthanon (ยอดดอยอินทนนท์) The ending point of this route is the highest mountain top of Thailand. The weather is rather cold

all year round. Some rare species of plants are found such as Khao Tok Rusi (a kind of succulent plant), Kulab Panpi (Rhododendron). Also established here is the stupa in which the relics of the Chiang Mai’s part ruler, Chao Inthawichayanon, have been kept.

Ban Rai Phai Ngam (บ้านไผ่ไร่งาม) It is a village where famous cotton cloth woven in the old style has been long produced. At present, the weavers’ central gathering is the home of the late National Artist, Pa (Aunt) Sangda Bansit, who had transferred her knowledge on the weaving process to other villagers. The village is located on the left of the route Chiang Mai - Hot between km. 68-69, about 4 kms. off the main road.

Op Luang National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติออบหลวง), is about 105 kms. from Chiang Mai. Drive along the route Chiang Mai -1 lot for 89 kms. and turn right to the route Mot-Mae Sariang for another 16 kms. All the way is asphalted. The most beautiful scene is the winding line of the Salak Hin River meandering through Chong Khao Khat. Also, pre-historic archaeological sites were found here.

Doi Tao Lake (ทะเลสาบดอยเต่า) Doi Tao, a district of Chiang Mai Province, is about 133 kms. far away from town along the route Chiang Mai - Hot - Doi Tao. The large reservoir over the Phumiphon Dam benefits the agriculture and fresh water fishery and serves as a tourist place as well.

(Highway No. 1269 - off Highway No. 108)

Huai Phak Phai Royal Project (โครงการหลวงห้วยผักไผ่), or

“Suan Kulab Luang” is at Km. 17 along the route Hang Dong - Samoeng. It is a center to collect, study and cultivate various species of roses. Rows of roses are beautifully formed down the mountain slope. In winter, it is the best time for tourists.

Resorts (รีสอร์ทi) There are beautiful resorts along Highway No. 1269 (Hang Dong - Samoeng), such zs.Lanna Resort, Krisda Doi, Suan Bua Thani Resort and Samoeng Resort.

Northern Route (Highway No. 107)

Thai Celadon Factory (โรงงานไทยศิลาดล) is on the Chiang Mai

- Fang Rd., 6 kms. from town. The factor)’ is closed on Sundays.

Lanna Golf Course (สนามกอล์ฟลานนา) is at Nong Hoi, 4 kms. from town.

Taeng Doa Elephant Show (ปางช้างแตงดาว) can be seen at kilometer 56 along the route Chiang Mai - Fang. There is demonstration of elephants activities: pushing and hauling logs from the forest. El­ephants are also provided for tourists who enjoy elephant riding.

Tham Chiang Dao (ถ้ำเชียงดาว) is a cave at Amphoe Chiang Dao, 72 kms. north of Chiang Mai. Electricity and oil lamps illuminate caves.

DoiAngKhang (ดอยอ่างข่าง) located 163 kms. from Chiang Mai on Highway No. 107 (Chiang Mai - Fang), is a demonstration site for the planting of cool climate vegetables and flowers under the patronage of His Majesty the King.

Fang Hot Spring (น้ำพุร้องฝาง) is at Amphoe Fang, 163 kms. north of Chiang Mai along the Chiang Mai - Tha Ton Rd., (Highway No. 107) aim left at km. 153 for 11 kms. to Ban Pin. In a 10-acre forest clearing, there are about 50 hot springs. Three boil continuously with a strong smell of sulphur. Water heat ranges between 90°C and 100 °C

Resorts (รีสอร์ท) Resorts along Highway No. 107 (Chiang Mai -Fang) are Royal Ping Garden & Resort, and Chiang Dao Hill Resort.

(Higway No. 1096 - off Highway No. 107)

Mae Sa Snake Farm (ฟาร์มงูแม่สา) is situated on Mae Rim -Samoeng Road at km. 3- The farm displays snakes from all over Thailand and studies snake breeding as well. Snake shows and an extraction of venom from snakes are provided to visitors.

Orchid Farm (สวนกล้วยไม้) along Mae Rim - Samoeng Road, is the centre of all northern orchids. The two nearby orchid farms, Mountain Orchid and Sai Nam Phung Orchid Nursery provide an opportunity for visitors to admire “The Queen of the Forest” that blooms all year round.

Mae Sa House Private Collection (แม่สาเฮ้าส์ไปรเวทคอลเลคชั่น) at km. 4 on Mae Rim - Samoeng Road, is a show place for private colloection of Thai antiques, a special experience for collectors.

Mae Sa Butterfly Farm (ฟาร์มผีเสื้อแม่สา) is located at Km.5 on Mae Rim - Samoeng Road.

Namtok Mae Sa (น้ำตกแม่สา) at km.7 on Mae Rim - Samoeng Road, is divided into eight sections according to heights. The natural setting with its may gigantic trees always impresses visitors.

Ban Hmong Mae Sa Mai (บ้านม้งแม่สาใหม่) on the left at km. 12 on Mae Rim - Samoeng Road, is where to see and learn about the culture and ways of living of the Hmong Hilltribe.

Mae Sa Elephant Show (ปางช้างแม่สา) is at Km.10 on Mae Rim

Samoeng Road. There is a demonstration daily 09.30 -11.30 hrs. Jungle

Tour is also available after the show. Contact: (053) 297-060 for more

information.

Resorts (รีสอร์ท) Along Mae Rim - Samoeng Route, there are resorts with beautiful natural sceneries with different kinds of plants and flowers, such as, Mae Sa Resort, Mae Sa Valley, Eratvan Resort, Kangsadan Resort, etc.

(Highway No.1095 - off Highway No. 107)

Pa Pae Hot Spring (โป่งเดือดป่าแป๋) It is located in Amphoe Mae Taeng, 40 kms. from town along Mae Malai - Pai Road.

Huai Nam Dang National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติห้วยน้ำดัง) is about 60 kilometers along Mae Malai - Pai Highway and 6 kimometers on turning right. It commands a breathtaking view of seas of mist, flower beds and Lisu tribal people. Points of interest are Doi Chang (ดอยช้าง), Doi Kiu Lorn (ดอยกิ่วลม), Pong Ron Hot Spring (โป่งร้อน), Namtok Mae Yen (น้ำตกแม่เย็น), etc.

Eastern Route (Highway No. 1006)

Bo Sang Umbrella Making Village (บ่อสร้าง) is 9 kms. from town where artisans make umbrellas with accuracy and speed. People there make paper products by an ancient process and produce charm­ingly painted umbrellas.

Cotton and Silk Weaving Village (หมู่บ้านทอผ้าสันกำแพง) is in San Kamphaeng, 13 kms. from town. Silk and cotton materials are woven by local folk on traditional looms.

Cottages Industries On both sides along this road, there are many factories of handicrafts; silverware, lacquerware, wood carving etc. The people are divided into communities, each working at their own crafts. For those interested in crafts, endless time can be spent visiting the communities and watching the delicate workmanship. The craftmen are friendly people and they are proud to show visitors around, whether they buy their wares or not.

San Kamphaeng Hot Spring (น้ำพุร้อนสันกำแพง) located amid beautiful natural scenery in an atmosphere of tranquility surrounded by green mountain ranges and shady trees. The San Kamphaeng Hot Spring is the ideal destination for health and physical well-being by a hot mineral soaking. It is only 23 kms. from Amphoe San Kamphaeng. Bungalows and camping area are available here.

Rung Aran Hot Spring (รุ่งอรุณรีสอร์ท) Located near San Kamphaeng Hot Spring in Amphoe San Kamphaeng just 35 kms. east of Chiang Mai city. The 100 rai resort is dotted with different kinds of plants and flowers, together with rock garden and two wells of hot spring (105 celcius) which directly provide mineral water for individual bath rooms and bath tubs. The facilities also included furnished bungalows and restaurant.

Flower Festival (งานไม้ดอกไม้ประดับ) held every first week­end of February. The north is noted for its rich variety of flowering plants, particularly temperate-zone specimens which are at their best during this cool month. Spectacular floral floats are a memorable feature of this annual event held in Chiang Mai, togeiher with displays of flowers handicraft sales, and beauty contests.

Songkran Festival งานประเพณีสงกรานต์) Held during April 13-15. Songkran. the traditional Thai New Year, is celebrated all over the country but nowhere with more enthusiasm than in Chiang Mai. Part of the celebration is religious, marked by merit-making ceremonies at local temples, and part is pure pleasure, with good natured water throwing, parades, and beauty contests.

Yipeng Loi Krathong (งานประเพณียี่เป็ง) Held evey Novem­ber. In Chiang Mai. an unusual part of the Loi Krathong celebration is the Yi Peng Loi Festival or the ritual of the lighted balloon. After a day of merit-making, the people launch colourful hot air paper balloons into the sky, bearing their troubles away. In the evening, all homes and shops are decorated with beautiful lanterns. Later, traditional Krathongs are also floated on the river and other waterways.

Chiang Rai, Thailand’s furthest northern province, is about 785 kms.

from Bangkok and 580 meters above sea level. Its area, mostly covered with mountains, is 11,678 square kilometers. The most impor­tant river is Mae Kok; which is about 130 kilometers long.

Administration is divided into 13 Amphoes and 3 King Amphoes : Muang, Chiang Kong, Chiang Saen. Mae Chan, Mae. Sai, Mae Suai, Pa Daet, Phan, Thoeng, Wiang Pa Pao, Wiang Chai, Phaya Mengrai, Wiang Kaen and King Amphoe Mae Fa Luang, Khun Tan, Mae Lao.

Chiang Rai was founded in 1262 A.D. by King Mengrai, whose statue can be easily seen on the way to Mae Chan. It used to be the capital of Lanna Kingdom and later was conquered by Burma. It was not until 1786 that Chiang Rai became Thai territory and proclaimed a province during the reign of King Rama VI in 1910 A.D. Nowadays Chiang Rai is famous for its tasty lychees and the Golden Triangle in Amphoe Chiang Saen.

ATTRACTIONS

Monument of King Mengrai the Great (อนุสาวรีย์พ่อขุนเม็งรายมหาราช) This monument is situated at the starting point of the road to Mae Chan, Chiang Saen and Mae Sai.

KuPhraChao Mengrai(กู่พระเจ้าเม็งราย) This stupa is situated in Wat Ngam Muang on Doi Ngam Muang in Chiang Rai Township area, It is the place where ashes and relics of King Mengrai are housed.

Wat Phrasing (วัดพระสิงห์) Where legend holds that an impor­tant The ravada image was located, has been restored for many times to allow accurate dating, but documents suggest the 15th century or earlier.

Wat Phra Keo (วัดพระแก้ว) Situated behind Wat Phrasing, is believed to have been the original residence of the Emerald Buddha which is now in Bangkok at the Royal Temple of the same name.

Phrathat Doi Chom Thong (พระธาตุดอยจอมทอง) This pa­goda is located on Doi Chom Thong on the bank of Mae Kok River near the city of Chiang Rai.

Handicraft Center (ศูนย์หัตถกรรม) is about 3 kilometers from town on Mae Chan Road. It offers demonstration of weaving and ceramic making, sales of goods made at the center and Burmese goods.

Mae Fa Luang Farm (ไร่แม่ฟ้าหลวง) is a foundation located at Ban Pa Ngiu, Tambon Rob wiang, about 3 - 4 kilometers from Chiang Rai township. The foundation is a temporary shelter for hilltribe children.

Rafting (ล่องแพแม่กก) The Mae Kok River, 130 kms. long, running through the heart of Chiang Rai, is said to be one of the most beautiful and unspoil rivers of the world. It flows gently along jungle banks and towering mountain cliffs. Along its route lie several hilltribes and jungle - tribes of Chiang Rai, The people are friendly and the life aboard the raft relaxing. There are regular well - organized rafting trips to and from Chiang Rai to many interesting destinations: A popular tours rafting from Chiang Mai to Chiang Rai, or vice versa.

Rattana Garden (รัตนาการ์เดนท์) Situated along Chiang Rai -Mae Chan Highway about 18 kms. from the city. This scenic place, under the management of the private sector, has the area of over 40 acres. It comprises of plants and flowers of different colour and species, together with accommodations provided for tourists.

Doi Luang National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติดอยหลวง) covers areas in Amphoe Phan, Amphoe Waing Pa Pao of Chiang Rai, and some part of Lampang and Phayao. To get to the park is by taking Chiang Rai - Phayao Highway for 58 kms. to Ban Pu Kaeng, turn right at km. 773 for another 9 kms. Main attraction is Namtok Pu Kaeng (น้ำตกปูแกง) It is the largest waterfall in Chiang Rai, having strong current cascading all year round.

Wiang Ka Long (เวียงกาหลง) is located along Chiang Rai-Chiang Mai Route, about 16 kms. from Amphoe Wiang Pa Pao. This is where the ancient kilns called “Ka Long Kiln” have been excavated.

Mae Chan (แม่จัน) is about 29 kms. to the north Chiang Rai. It serves as a trading post of Akha and Yao hillpeople who sell their goodsand buy manufactured items. You can find some silver and other tribal handicrafts at the shops in this town.

Hilltribes (ชนเขาเผ่าต่างๆ) There are many main tribes around Chiang Rai, Mae Chan, Mae Sai and along Mae Kok River such as the Yao, the Akha, the Blue and White Maeo, Lisu, Lahu, Lahu Shi and Skaw and Karen. Each main group speaks its own language, follows animist customs (based on a belief in spirits) as well as adhering to other more recently adopted religious beliefs. Each of the main tribes language, custom and production attracts tourists by its own mysterious charm. There is the Hilltribe Developments and Welfare Center in Amphoe Mae Chan, along the route to Doi Mae Salong. Hand-made handicraft including woven cloth products and silverware are for sale in the centre.

Doi Mae Salong (ดอยแม่สลอง) located about 45 kms. to the north of Amphoe Mae Chan, is one of the places allowed by Thai Government for some of the Chinese refugees from Myanmar to settle in. The village founded is called Santi Khiri. It has become well-known among tourists both Thais and foreigners for its enchanting beautiful scenery, calm and placid nature. There are guest houses and tourist houses with recreation activities provided such as house riding and elephant riding.

Phrathat Doi Tung (พระธาตุดอยตุง) is the holy relic that draws devout Buddhists from as far as Laos and Myanmar for annual worshipping. The reliquary is atop the highest Chiang Rai mountain at Doi Tung, elevation 2,000 meters above sea-level. The shrine is reached by a torturous mountain road, winding its way up and down mountain sides for 1″ kms. off Highway No. 110,48 kms. from Chiang Rai township. The unmatched panoramic view reaches out to Myanmar and Laos on the horizon.

Phra Tamnak Doi Tung (พระตำหนักดอยตุง) A beautiful royal residence is built for the Princess Mother on the way to Phrathat Doi Tung. The main attraction is Snan Mae Fa Luang (สวนแม่ฟ้าหลวง), a very beautiful garden decorated with different kinds of plants and flowers. The garden is open to visitors daily from 06.00-18.00 hrs.

Mae Sai (แม่สาย) is Thailand’s northern most border district to Myanmar. The Myanma atmosphere is prevalent in this area and also Myanma goods and handicrafts can be purchased.

Chiang Saen (เชียงแสน) A small town about 30 kms. further from Mae Chan. Its lovely setting on the Mae Khong River strongly enchants the charm of its old temples; Wat Pa Sak (วัดป่าสัก) , Wat Phrathat Chom Kitti (วัดพระธาตุจอมกิตติ) etc.

Chiang Saen National Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติเชียงแสน) is in Chiang Saen town and one of the most famous museums in Thailand for ancient Buddha images and antiques. The museum is open from 9.00 a.m. -16.00 p.m. everyday except Monday, Tuesday and official holidays.

Golden Triangle (สามเหลี่ยมทองคำ) The most famous attrac­tion where the borders of the three countries; Laos Thailand and Myanmar meet. It is about 9 kilometers north of Chiang Saen. From this place, Laotian and Myanma border can be seen through Mae Khong and Ruak River respectively. Accommodations are available for tourists who want to stay over night. Boats can be rented for trips along the Khong River.

Chiang Saen Lake (ทะลสาบเชียงแสน) To get to the lake, travel five kilometres from Chiang Saen along Highway No. 1016, turning left at Km. 27, for a further two kilometres. The lake’s one square kilometre of water is home to waterfowl during the winter months. Accommoda­tions are available.

Chiang Khong (เชียงของ) Located 114 kilometres northeast of Chiang Rai and 55 Kilometres east of Chiang Saen, this is a small district by the Khong River. Its fame lies in its cloth weaving at Ban Hat Bai and, in the Khong River, the Pla Buk the world’s largest freshwater cat fish capable of reaching 2.5 metres long and weighing 300 kilograms. Each April celebrations are held when the giant fish are caught. At the Chiang Khong Fishery Station, fertilisation of the fish can be witnessed.

Lychee Fair (เทศกาลลิ้นจี่) This annual fair is held in May. Chiang Rai, Thailand’s northernmost province, is known for the high quality of the lychees that grow in its orchards, and this fair celebrates the harvest season. In addition to sales of the fruit, there are displays of other agricultural products and local handicrafts and a beauty contest to select Miss Lychee.

Lamphun, formerly Hariphunchai, is another historical sites. The town was founded in the year 1663 and the first ruler was a Queen

called Chammathewi. This charming province is also noted for its

beautiful women and tasty longans.

With an area of 4,506 sq. kms., the province has 7 Amphoes

namely: Muang, Pa Sang, Ban Hong, Mae Tha, Li, Thung Hua Chang, and

Ban Thi. The town is about 670 kilometers from Bangkok by car.

ATTRACTIONS

In the city

Wat Phrathat Hariphunchai (วัดพระธาตุหริภุญชัย) This monastery is in the township area, built in the reign of King Athittayarat and has been repaired, renewed, and enlarged from time to time. Phrathat Hariphunchai Pagoda is currently 46 meters high having nine -tiered umbrella, made of gold weighing approximately 6,498.75 grams, placing on the top. The base is of square shape with 20 meters in length on each side. On every full moon day of the sixth lunar month, there is a celebration of this Wat Phrathat in term of the annual fair.

Hariphunchai National Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติหริกุญไชย) which houses numerous Lanna antiques found in the region. The museum is open to public everyday except Monday, Tuesday and official holidays from 09.00 -16.00. Admission fee is 10 baht.

Ku Kut Pagoda or Wat Chamma Thewi (กู่กุดหรือวัดจามเทวี)

wan Changkot Chedi) This monastery was built around A.D. 755 by

Khmer artisans. The pagoda structure is of the square Buddha Gaya

characteristics as seen in India. Three standing Buddha images, in the

attitudes, of blessing are enshrined on each level of the pagoda base of

each side-tetaling 15 images for one side of five levels, grand totaling 60

Buddha images around the pagoda. Relics of Queen Chammathewi, the

First ruler of Hariphunchai, are housed inside the pagoda. The pagoda top

Was originally covered with gold but later, was broken and disappeared thus giving ris to the name “Ku Kut” or Pagoda without top.

Other temples in the vicinity include Wat Mahawan (วัดมหาวัน), noted for sacred amulets, Wat Phra Yun or WatBuddha Maha Sathan (วัดพุทธมหาสถาน) built by King Thammikarat about one thou­sand years ago.

Along Highway to Chiang Mai is located the village of Nong Chang Khun (ลำไยหมื่นต้นที่หนองช้างคืน) which is noted for the biggest plantations of longans in the country.

Along the Route to Pa Sang (Highway No. 106)

Amphoe Pa Sang (ป่าซาง) is about 10 kilometers from Lamphun. It is noted as the centre for local handicrafts and also for its beautiful and charming women.

Tak Pha Buddha Footprints (พระพุทธบาทตากผ้า) The foot­prints are located on the top of a small hill in the area of Tambon Makok, Amphoe Pa Sang, 16 kms. from the township area. The legend says that Lord Buddha left his footprints during his visit to that locality for Lawa tribal people to pay their homages to in lieu of he himself. He also dried his suffron robe on the cliff where one, at present, can see a mark like a piece of suffron robe being dried there thus originating the name of Tak Pha Buddha Footprints or Drying Suffron Robe Buddha Footprints.

Annual celebration takes place on the eight day of wanning moon of the sixth lunar month of every year when inhabitants of Lamphun and neighbouring provinces flock to the annual fair.

Amphoe Mae Tha

Doi Khun Tan National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติดอยขุนตาล) Doi Khun Tan is located on a mountain range bordering on both Lampang and Lamphun Provinces. There isa 1,362 meter long tunnel, regarded the longest in Thailand, for railroad underneath the mountain. There are accommodations, which belong to the Royal State Railway of Thailand, a missionary party, and the Royal Forestry Department, on top of Doi Khun Tan.

Amphoe Li

Mae Ping National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติแม่ปิง) situated at km. 47 on Lamphun - Li - Thoen route, (Highway 106) the park covers a lake and a forest above Phumiphol Dam. Attractions in the area of the park are : Namtok Ko Luang (น้ำตกก้อหลวง), Tham Yang Wi (ถ้ำยางวี), and Kaeng Ko (แก่งก้อ), etc.

Langan Fair (งานเทศกาลลำไย) This fair, held in August every year, features a contest to judge the best fruit and select Miss Lamyai (Langan) for each year.

Nan. an old town established in the same period of Sukhothai, home to the sacred Phrathat Chae Haeng Pagoda, occupies an area of 11,472.1 square kilometers and is administratively divided into 12 Amphoes and 1 King Amphoe: Muang, Chiang Klang, Thung Chang, Tha Wang Pha, Na Noi, Pua, Wiang Sa, Mae Charim, Ban Luang, Na Mun, Santisuk, Bo Klua and King Amphoe Song Khwae, Located 668 kms. from Bangkok.

ATTRACTIONS

Phrathat Chae Haeng (พระธาตุแช่แห้ง) Its age is over 600 years, located onDoiPhuphiang Chae Haeng, Tambon Fai Kaeo, Amphoe Muang and was constructed during Sukhothai period. The annual worshipping fair takes place on the full moon day of the first lunar month. The fair includes the celebration of fireworks processions and offerings processions.

Phrathat Khao Noi (พระธาตุเขาน้อย) This pagoda is situated on the top of Khao Noi Hill. Ban Khu Nai, 2 kms. west of the Provincial Hall. The hill is 800 feet high with an access road to the hill top.

Wat Phumin (วัดภูมินทร์) This monastery is located at Mu Ban Phumin having very unusual characteristics compared to other monas­teries in general, i.e., the main shrine hall and the vihara are constructed as the same building. Other attractive items of this monastery are: very beautiful wood carving doors placed in the four directions, made by the Lanna Thai artisans; and mural paintings painted on the internal wall of the Vihara displaying ways of lives and cultures of the past.

Wat Suan Tan (วัดสวนตาล) This monastery is located in Tambon Nai Wiang, Amphoe Muang, having a beautiful pagoda with several-level decorated works of art where four niches are located in the four directions at the lowest level. A big bronze Buddha image named “Phra Chao Thong Thit” (พระเจ้าทองทิตย์) is housed inside the pagoda. A grand celebration with fireworks display takes place all day all night during the Songkran Festival

Wat Chang Kham Wora Vihara (วัดช้างค้ำวรวิหาร) This is a royal - grade monastery, located in the heart of Nan City, constructed in 1949 B.E. There are elephant sculptures, of front half, decorated around the base of the pagoda.

Nan National Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติจังหวัดน่าน) located on Highway 101 with a left turn before entering the Amphoe Muang, the museum puts on exhibition black ivory and various kinds of artifacts. It is open daily from 9.00-16.00 hrs. except Mondays. Tuesdays and official holidays.

Black Elephant Tusk (งาช้างดำ) This dark tan coloured rusk is presumed to be the left side, being displayed in Nan National Museum (Ho Kham). It is of long curved shape having the length of 94 cms., 18 kgs. in weight and regarded as Nan valuable provincial property.

Pha Tup Forest Park (วนอุทยานผาตูบ) This arboretum is lo­cated 12 kms. from the provincial community on Highway No. 1080. There are several caves in the arboretum area worth visiting by nature lovers.

Tham Pha Mong and Tham Pha Wiang (ถ้ำผามองและถ้ำผาเวียง) These caves are located 10 kms. from Amphoe Wiang Sa township area on the road to Amphoe Na Noi where a 300 meter access road branches off to the caves, through the hilly terrain. Beautiful stalactite and stalagmite formations are seen inside the caves.

Sao Din or Horn Chom (เสาดินหรือฮ่อมจ๊อม) This 4-5 square kilometer area is located at Amphoe Na Noi 60 kms. from the provincial community, dotted with various formations deriving from earth denudation caused by flowing currents and subsequently eroded by rains having sand stone as the top level.

Ban Pak Nai (บ้านปากนาย) A village in Amphoe Na Mun, 96 kilometers from the provincial town along the Nan-Wiang Sa-Na Noi route and another 20 kilometers along a branch road from Na Noi. From here, a winding dirt road runs along the hillside for another 22 kilometers to Ban Pak Nai, a lakeside fishery village upstream of Sirikit Dam, There are floating food shops among verdant, mountainous scenery, some of them also provide accommodation service for visitors.

Doi Pha Chi (ดอยผาจิ) A mountain on the Highway no. 1091, Nan-Phayao route, some 40 kilometers from the provincial town to Amphoe Ban Luang, with a branch road running for another 30 kilo­meters via Ban Pi Nua to Doi Pha Chi. This forested mountain is still in perfect natural condition. The area was once an enemy base of which some basic infrastructure like electricity generator and waterwork system are still left behind. In nearby area, villages of Mong and Yao hilltribes are located.

Mu Ban Thai Lu (หมู่บ้านไทยลื้อ) Situated at Ban Nong Bua, Tambon Pa Kha, Amphoe Tha Wang Pha, the village is accessible by driving along Highway 1148 for 43 kilometers to Amphoe Tha Wang Pha, then further to Ban Nong Bua for another 12 kilometers. Here, the famous Nam Lai hand-woven fabric is produced. Almost every house in this village owns a loom by which the villagers weave fabric for their household use and also for sale. Products made from the village’s hand-woven cloth, for example, skirt, blouse, tube skirt, and scarf are produced for sale by a group of farmer housewives.

Mural Painting at Wat Nong Bua (จิตรกรรมฝาผนังวัดหนองบัว) Located at Ban Nong Bua, Wat Nong Bua was built by Thai Lu people migrated from Sib Song Pan Na Province in South China. The mural paintings here are believed to be the work by Thai Lu or Nan painters. The paintings’ artistic style is almost the same as those at Wat Phumin. Within its precincts, the rite hall or Bot, about 250 years old, lies in deteriorated condition.

Namtok Sila Phet (น้ำตกศิลาเพชร) This is regarded a very beautiful waterfall, located in Tambon Sila Phet Amphoe Pua.

Doi Phu Kha National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติดอยภูคา) is a high mountain range in Amphoe Pua, Amphoe Bo Klua and Amphoe Mae Charim in Nan. The apex of Doi Phu Kha is 1,980 meters above sea level. The park has lovely scenery and is abundant in various trees and plants. Furthermore, there are several nice waterfalls and caves such as Ton Tong Waterfall and Pha Khong Cave, ideal for nature lovers.

Pa Klang Hilltribe Development and Assistance Village (หมู่บ้านพัฒนาและสงเคราะห์ชาวเขาป่ากลาง) Located at Tambon Silalaeng, Amphoe Pua, about 69 kilometers from the provincial town, Pa Klang is a village of Meo, Yao, and Thin hilltribes. After the communist eradi­cation in Nan in 1968, the tribes were separately settled in their former lifestyles producing beautiful handicrafts for sale to visitors.

Nan Boat Racing (งานแข่งเรือจังหวัดน่าน) After Buddhist Lent, which falls on the end of October or the beginning of November, of every year, boat racing festival takes place in the Nan River in front of the provincial community. This is regarded a big fair where several long boats, carved out of one single tree trunk, participate in the racing and it is promoted by the province as an annual fair of Nan.

Tak is the central province for development of Northern Thaialnd,

also being the communication center of the North having an

Asian Highway passing through Myanma-Thai border into Thailand at

Amphoe Mae Sot, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok towards Northeastern

Thailand entering Laos at Chong Mek pass of Ubon Ratchathani.

Tak is the site of Bhumibol Dam, the largest in Thailand. Cover­ing an area of 16.406.6 square kilometers. Tak is located 426 kms. from Bangkok, and administratively divided into 8 Amphoes : Muang, Ban Tak, Mae Ramat, Mae Sot, Pho Phra, Sam Ngao, Tha Song Yang, Umphang.

ATTRACTIONS

Shrine of King Taksin the Great (ศาลสมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช) The shrine is located at the intersection of Charotwithithong Road and Mahatthai Bamrung Road, housing a statue of King Taksin the Grate which is a little larger than his real human size. The statue is in the sitting position with a sword laying across his lap. At the base ofthe statue an inscription saying “Pha Chao Taksin of Krung Thonburi” is engraved. King Taskin was born in the year 1734 and passed away in 1782 totalling the age of 48 years. On the first of January of every year a joyful celebration is organized by the Province as an annual fair.

Mani Banphot Swamp (หนองน้ำมณีบรรพต) This big swamp is located in the heart of Tak City nearby Wat Mani Banphot on Phahonyothin Road. Inside the monastery, Saen Thong Buddha Image, cast in Chiang Saen period, is being enshrined. The swamp itself occupies an area of 60 rai where improvement is made by the province to be a relaxation spot for the city folks through a construction of a pavilion amid the swamp surrounded by beautiful scenery.

Khao Tham (เขาถ้ำ) This hill is regarded a famous tourist attraction of Changwat Tak, located at Tambon Mai Ngam, Amphoe Muang and accessible via a 300 meter road branching off Phahonyothin Road to the hill. Its feature is a 71 meter high hill having big rocks dotting the area beautifully and one can access the hill top via a hiking path. Replica of Lord Buddha’s Footprints are enshrined on top the hill where Tak residents like to pay their homage through affixing gold leave on the footprints during Songkran festival.

Wat Phra Boromthat and Ancient Tak City (วัดพระบรมธาตุและเมืองตากเก่า) This monastery is located north ofthe township area, 25 kms. upstream the Mae Ping River which is currently in the area of Ban Tak. This area used to be the site of old Tak town. There are yet several ruins of town and monasteries in the area especially on top of a hill nearby Wat Phrathat, a pagoda of Phum Khao Binth design is situated. Legend says this pagoda was constructed on the order of King Ramkhamhaeng to attest to his victory in the single hand combat on the elephant’s back against King Khun Sam Chon the ruler of Muang Chot (currently Amphoe Mae Sot).

Bhumibol Dam (เขื่อนภูมิพล) This is the largest dam is Thai­land having the outlook as a curve barrier that blocks the Mae Ping River at Amphoe Sam Ngao. Starting the construction in 1953, it was completed and inaugurated in May 1964, with a height, from rock foundation to the top of the barrier, of 245 meters thus providing a reservoir capacity of 12,200 million cubic meters or equivalent to 308 square kilometers. Besides its agricultural benefits as well as flood prevention, Bhumibol Dam can generate electric power and is now noted for cruising trip made from the dam site to Amphoe Hot. For accommodation contact E.G.A.T. Tel. 4363179,4240101.

Cruising along the Mae Ping Lake (การล่องเรือทะเลสาบแม่ปิง) This boat or raft cruise is made through the upstream area ofthe lake from Bhumibol Dam site to Doi Tao of Chiang Mai, a distance of 140 kms. Boat hire or cruising service can be arranged and obtained from Education Tour Center, Tel. 2439125, 2414856; Mae Ping Princess, Tel. 5214787, 5210587; or Thong Nathi, Tel. 4573428,4576873-4.

Lan Sang National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติลานสาง) This park is located on Tak - Mae Sot Highway at Km. 12-13, where a 3 kms. access road leading to the park area branches off on the left. In the vicinity of the park one can see beautiful falls such as Namtok Lan Sang (น้ำตกลายสาง), Namtok Pha Phung (น้ำตกผาผึ่ง), Namtok Lan Liang Ma (น้ำตกลานเลี้ยงม้า), etc. General surrounding is shady, suitable for relaxation, thus popular with Tak residents to spend thier picnic vaca­tion on holidays. For accommodation contact National Park Division, Royal Forestry Department, Tel. 5790529, 5794842.

Doi Musur Hill Tribe Development and Welfare Center (ศูนย์พัฒนาและสงเคราะห์ชาวเขาดอยมูเซอ) The Center is located on Tak - Mae Sot Highway (No. 105), between Km. 25 - 26. With in a short distance after turning, one can see Doi Musur, the location of Hill Tribe Self-Help Settlement, being the area in which three hill tribes: Lahu, Lisu, and Meo reside. The center is an interesting place to visit.

Taksin Maharat National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติตากสินมหาราช) Originally name Krabak-Yai National Park after the name of Thailand’s biggest tree found here. The park is located along Tak-Mae Sot Highway (No.105) about km. 25-26, with the access road on the right leading to the park about 2 kms. With the area of 149 square kilometers or 37,250 acres, the park is surrounded by steep mountains and hills, together with shady trees, ever green forest, waterfalls, clear streams and many beautiful view points. Accommodations are provided in the form of bungalows, tents and tourist-house, and reservation can be made through the National Park Division Tel. 5790529, 5794842.

Hill-tribes Produces Stalls, (ร้านขายผลิตผลของชาวไทยภูเขา) located at km. 29 on Tak-Mae Sot route, the stalls put on sales various crops of hill-tribe people from morning until afternoon.

Tawi Chai Land (ทวีชัยแลนด์) It is located on the left of Tak-Mae Sot Road at Km. 78 just 500 meters beyond the Shrine of King Khun Samchon’s spirit. Tawi Chai Land is a tourist attraction having similar characteristics to Rose Garden of Nakhon Pathom especially beautiful plots of decorative plants and flowers.

Amphoe Mae Sot (อำเภอแม่สอด) This district is located on the Thai border area westernmost of Changwat Tak, 86 kms. from Tak township and accessible by a good road. Most of tourists make a trip there for shopping purpose and famous items are wickerware, sarong, etc.

Namtok Thararak or Namtok Pha Chan (น้ำตกธารารักษ์หรือน้ำตกผาชัน) is located at Ban Chedi Kho, Kilometer 26 on the Highway 1090 from Amphoe Mae Sot. The waterfall lies 700 meters along a dirt road off the highway. Its parking space can accommodate several bus- sized cars.

Namtok Nang Khruan (น้ำตกนางครวญ) is a small roadside waterfall. To get there, drive along the Highway 1090 and turn right at Kilometer 26 to the Highway 1206 towards Amphoe Pho Phra. Nam Tok Nang Khruan is located at Kilometer 12.

Namtok Pha Charoen (น้ำตกพาเจริญ) is a breathtaking 97-tiered waterfall located between Kilometers 36-37 along Highway 1090. After turning left to a dirt road off the highway, drive further for 700 meters to reach Pha Charoen Waterfall.

Amphoe Umphang (อำเภออุ้มผาง) is also a border district adjoining Myanmar. It is about 249 kilometers from the provincial city along the Highway 105, the Tak-Mae Sot route, with a turn to the Mae Sot-Um Phang Highway (Highway 1090). The road meanders through mountainous area to Amphoe Urn Phang. Another former Karen settle­ment, the district was later inhabited by migrant people from northern Thailand. Nowadays, Amphoe Urn Phang is renowned for its challenging activities like jungle trek and rafting thanks to its intact nature.

Tourist Attraction in Amphoe Umpang include ‘Doi Hua Mot‘ (ดอยหัวหมด) where scenic sunrise and the sea of the morning mist as well as sunset are not to be missed, Tham Ta Ko Bi‘ (ถ้ำตะโค๊ะบิ) - a spacious cave with beautiful stalagmites and stalactites, ‘Mu Ban Karieng Pa La Tha’ (หมู่บ้านกะเหรี่ยงปะละทะ) , a developing Karen village where the villagers still dress in their original costumes, and ‘Namtok Thi Lo Su’ (น้ำตกทีลอซู) - a large breathtaking water fall cascading down a high cliff with streaming water all year round.

Amphoe Mae Ramat (อำเภอแม่ระมาด) is a border district ad­joining Myanmar, 120 kilometers away from the provincial city. To get there, drive along the Tak-Mae Sot-Mae Ramat or the Tak-Ban Tak-Mae Ramat route. With a mountainous topography, Amphoe Mae Ramat was originally a Karen settlement. It was later inhabited by the migrant Lanna Thai People before being upgraded to be an Amphoe.

Wat Don Kaeo (วัดดอนแก้ว) is a temple in which Thailand’s biggest and most beautiful marble Buddha image of Burmese style is enshrined. The image measures 50 inches from left knee to right knee and 63 inches from base to head top. The temple is situated near Kilometer 33 along the Mae Sot-Mae Ramat-Tha Song Yang route with a left turn for 2 kilometers towards Amphoe Mae Ramat.

Amphoe Tha Song Yang (อำเภอท่าสองยาง) is another border district adjoining Myanmar. Stretching along the length of the Moei River, Amphoe Tha Song yang covers a mountainous area of Thanon Thongchai Range. Farming is a main occupation here. The district is about 82 kilometers from Mae Sot and 169 kilometers from the provincial city, Tak.

Tham Mae Usu (ถ้ำแม่อุสุ) This cave, having very beautiful stalactite and stalagmite formations, is located in Amphoe Tha Song Yang on Highway No. 1085 (Mae Sot - Mae Sariang) at Km. 94-95. Tham Mae Usu, with Mae Usu stream passing by, it is unavoidable to ford to the entrance of the cave. During the rainy season, the water level may be too high to get in the cave which is very airy and is not too dark. Mae Usu is a large cave with high ceiling and spectacular stalagmites and stalactites.

Doi Mae Ramoeng and Mon Krathing, (ดอยแม่ระเมิงและม่อนกระทิง) situated on Mae Sot - Mae Ramat - Tha Song Yang route leading to Mae Sariang, about 133 kms. from Mae Sot, the place offers marvellous mountainous scenes with morning streams of mists and wild animals such as deers, brown-antlered deers, birds, etc. Travelling and accommodations available at Mon Krathing Resort, Tel. 5737942 or (055) 531409, 546121-4.